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# Smartcopying

The Official Guide To Copyright Issues for Australian Schools And TAFE

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://smartcopying.edu.au/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Pages

- [Smartcopying Homepage](https://smartcopying.edu.au/)
- [National Copyright Webinar Series](https://smartcopying.edu.au/national-copyright-seminar-series/) - Register for the webinars below The National Copyright Unit (NCU) offers several free webinars series to help teachers and staff navigate copyright in schools and TAFEs. Copyright Half-hour webinars The National Copyright Unit (NCU) is offering a series of free and practical webinars to help schools and TAFEs navigate copyright. These webinars are aimed at
- [Copyright Guidelines](https://smartcopying.edu.au/copyright-guidelines/)
- [Contact Us](https://smartcopying.edu.au/contact-us/)
- [Performance and Communication of Copyright Material in Class](https://smartcopying.edu.au/performance-and-communication-of-copyright-material-in-class/) - Updated 13 July 2026 Schools are allowed to perform and communicate copyright material in class under a free exception in section 28 of the Copyright Act. A ‘performance’ is any visual or aural presentation in class (such as reading a poem or storybook to a class or showing a film). A ‘communication’ means making materials available online or electronically
- [Using Generative AI Platforms in TAFEs](https://smartcopying.edu.au/using-generative-ai-platforms-in-tafes/) - Updated 16 July 2026 1. Introduction The use of digital technologies in TAFEs is growing and transforming the education experience. One of the ways TAFEs, departments and TAFE administering bodies are using transformative technologies is through generative artificial intelligence (AI) platforms. Some examples of these technologies include ChatGPT, DALL-E, Midjourney and the Canva AI tools.
- [Using Generative AI Platforms in Schools](https://smartcopying.edu.au/using-generative-ai-platforms-in-schools/) - Updated 16 July 2026 1. Introduction The use of digital technologies in schools is growing and transforming the education experience. One of the ways schools, departments and administering bodies are using transformative technologies is through generative artificial intelligence (AI) platforms. Some examples of these technologies include ChatGPT, DALL-E, Midjourney and the Canva AI tools. This
- [Copyright 4 Educators online course](https://smartcopying.edu.au/copyright-4-educators-course/) - The National Copyright Unit (NCU) is leading a course on 'Copyright for Educators' in the coming weeks, which may be of interest to Australian school and TAFE teachers and librarians interested in learning about Australian educational copyright, copyright compliance strategies, and Creative Commons (CC) and Open Educational Resources (OER). What is the NCU? The Ministers'
- [Labelling and Attributing](https://smartcopying.edu.au/labelling-and-attributing/) - Updated 22 July 2025 This information sheet is for teachers who create or compile resources for students, and for curriculum units that develop resources for TAFEs or schools. It covers the following: Labelling material that has been created by you, your school or an educational body (eg education department, diocese etc) Attributing third party material
- [Newsletters: Copyright news for Australian Schools and TAFE](https://smartcopying.edu.au/newsletters-copyright-news-for-australian-schools-and-tafes/) - 2018 Issue 1 - October 2018 - Copyright law reform Download Issue 2 - November 2018 - End of year events: what are we allowed to do? Download 2019 Issue 3 - June 2019 - Using Images from the Internet Download Issue 4 - July 2019 - Smartcopying tips for TAFEs Download Issue 5 - August 2019 - Using YouTube Download Issue
- [Where to find CC licensed material](https://smartcopying.edu.au/where-to-find-cc-licensed-material/) - Updated 27 November 2025 The main search tool for CC licensed materials is “Openverse” which allows easy and quick access to content that can be shared, used and remixed. Openverse (formerly known as CC Search) allows users to search openly licensed collections. Users can filter for CC licensed images or audio on Openverse by clicking
- [Quick Reference Guide to Finding Creative Commons Material](https://smartcopying.edu.au/quick-reference-guide-to-finding-creative-commons-material/) - Updated 27 November 2025 Information about Creative Commons http://www.creativecommons.org – CC international site http://creativecommons.org.au/ – CC Australia site http://icommons.asbindia.org/ – iCommons – CC-founded open source community http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Content_Curators – List of sites which host CC-licensed material. Search tools for finding Creative Commons and open access resources These sites have material which is searchable by how they can be used,
- [Creative Commons Information Pack for Teachers and Students](https://smartcopying.edu.au/creative-commons-information-pack-for-teachers-and-students/) - Updated 27 November 2025 NCU has recently revised its CC Information Pack for Teachers and Students to incorporate the new CC 4.0 International Licence. The pack explains what CC is, how to find CC material and the best way to attribute CC material. Please click on the following headings to navigate to each section of
- [Creating Learning and Teaching Resources: A copyright guide for TAFE resource developers](https://smartcopying.edu.au/creating-learning-and-teaching-resources-a-copyright-guide-for-tafe-resource-developers/) - 27 November 2025 Introduction TAFE resource developers create online learning materials and make these available to TAFE teachers and students. Many TAFEs offer a hybrid approach to learning, with students attending classes in person, as well as accessing content online and viewing online classes. Some of the activities resource developers might be doing include: copying
- [Use of Television Programs and Film by TAFE Institutes without a Statutory Broadcast Licence](https://smartcopying.edu.au/use-of-television-programs-and-film-by-tafe-institutes-without-a-statutory-broadcast-licence/) - Updated 12 January 2022 This information sheet explains the use of television programs and film by TAFE institutes without a Statutory Broadcast Licence (ie Screenrights Licence). The majority of TAFE institutes no longer have a Statutory Broadcast Licence after 31 December 2015. This means that TAFE institutes without a Statutory Broadcast Licence cannot copy television
- [Copying for Exams: What am I allowed to do?](https://smartcopying.edu.au/copying-for-exams-what-am-i-allowed-to-do-2/) - Updated 21 November 2025 The Copyright Act contains an exam copying exception in section 200(1A) that allows copyright material to be copied and communicated for the purpose of conducting or answering a question in an exam. Staff can rely on the exam copying exception to use copyright material in exam questions, and students can rely
- [Films: Playing for Non-Educational Purposes](https://smartcopying.edu.au/films-playing-for-non-educational-purposes/) - Updated 6 November 2025 The Copyright Act permits teachers to play films to their students in class provided that it is for educational instruction. See 'Performance and communication of copyright material in class' for further information. This exception does not cover schools playing films on bus excursions, camps and for rainy day activities at lunchtime.
- [How to find Creative Commons licensed materials](https://smartcopying.edu.au/how-to-find-creative-commons-licensed-materials/) - Updated 19 July 2022 Digital technologies have revolutionised the way in which content is created and shared in education. Teachers and students alike can communicate, share and modify all kinds of content, from video to images and music, in new and interesting ways. The use of digital forums like websites, wikis and blogs in the
- [NCU’s copyright Q&A sessions for curriculum and education resource developers](https://smartcopying.edu.au/ncus-copyright-qa-sessions-for-curriculum-and-education-resource-developers/) - The National Copyright Unit (NCU) is hosting one-hour copyright Q&A sessions for curriculum and education resource developers. These sessions are run monthly on Thursdays at lunchtime (12pm AEST/AEDT). Curriculum developers, and other staff in the departments of education or non-government school bodies involved in creating and providing educational resources to students, teachers, schools and parents,
- [Labelling and Attributing (TAFE)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/labelling-and-attribution/) - Updated 22 July 2025 This information sheet is for teachers who create or compile resources for students, and for curriculum units that develop resources for TAFEs. It covers the following: labelling material that has been created by you, your TAFE or an educational body (eg TAFE commission or government education department etc) and attributing third
- [Music Copyright Guide for Schools](https://smartcopying.edu.au/music-copyright-guide-for-schools/) - Updated 25 June 2025 Teachers regularly use music for educational or other purposes. They may want to copy sheet music for students or perform music live. Or, they may want to record a live performance of music by students or play a sound recording in class or at a school event. What do we mean by
- [About Us](https://smartcopying.edu.au/about-us/)
- [Educational Resources](https://smartcopying.edu.au/educational-resources/) - The Education Resources section contains a variety of material to educate yourself and your students on copyright, as well as information about seminars and courses about copyright and education run by the NCU.
- [Creating Learning and Teaching Resources: A Copyright Guide for Departments of Education and Non-Government Administering Bodies](https://smartcopying.edu.au/creating-learning-and-teaching-resources/) - Updated 28 September 2022 Introduction Curriculum developers make learning materials available online so teachers and students can easily access materials. Some of the materials you might be creating include things like: A PDF download for Year 9 Science on ‘Investigating the tectonic process’, that contains text and images from different resources, and links to websites
- [Flexible Dealing Exception](https://smartcopying.edu.au/flexible-dealing/) - Updated 22 January 2021 If you want to use material for a specific educational purpose you may, in limited circumstances, be able to rely on the flexible dealing exception. What material does the flexible dealing exception cover? The flexible dealing exception applies to all kinds of material (eg text, sound recordings, films), however schools generally
- [Flowchart: TAFE - Creating learning resources that include third party films and video](https://smartcopying.edu.au/flowchart-tafe-creating-learning-resources-that-include-third-party-films-and-video/) - Download the flowchart in pdf below Download Download the flowchart in Word below Download
- [Music Copyright Guide for TAFEs](https://smartcopying.edu.au/music-copyright-guide-for-tafes/) - Updated 27 May 2024 Introduction When we talk about music, we are referring to both musical works (ie sheet music comprising the score and/or the lyrics of a song) and sound recordings (ie recorded versions of musical works). A musical work can be the score, or both the score and lyrics. The copyright owner of the score can be different to
- [Using the Aboriginal Flag: A Short Guide for Schools and TAFEs](https://smartcopying.edu.au/using-the-aboriginal-flag-a-short-guide-for-schools-and-tafes/) - 15 November 2022 How can schools and TAFEs use the Aboriginal flag? On 25 January 2022, the Aboriginal flag was made ‘freely available for public use’. Some examples of commercial and non-commercial uses that are now permitted, include: printing the Aboriginal flag on apparel such as shirts and sports jerseys painting the Aboriginal flag on
- [Stock Image Libraries and Images from the Internet – What am I allowed to do?](https://smartcopying.edu.au/using-stock-image-libraries-and-images-from-the-internet-what-am-i-allowed-to-do/) - Updated 8 November 2023 Introduction The educational use of images from the internet is not free. Schools and TAFEs pay significant licence fees to use online images which under the Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence. This includes so-called “royalty free” stock imagery (eg Getty, Shutterstock, iStock) as well as images from Facebook and other social
- [Performance and Communication of Copyright Material in TAFE Classes](https://smartcopying.edu.au/performance-and-communication-of-copyright-material-in-tafe-classes/) - Updated 9 October 2023 TAFEs are allowed to perform and communicate copyright material in class under a free exception in section 28 of the Copyright Act. We sometimes call this the ‘show and tell’ exception and it covers all types of copyright material. How can I use materials in reliance on s 28? Teachers and
- [Copyright Law Reform](https://smartcopying.edu.au/copyright-law-reform/)
- [Website icons](https://smartcopying.edu.au/website-icons/) - Book by Vectors Point from the Noun Project licensed under CC BY 3.0 is used to represent 'Text work' on the 'Copyright Guidelines' page and on the 'Homepage'. Art by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project licensed under CC BY 3.0 is used to represent 'Artistic work and Images' on the 'Copyright Guidelines' page and on
- [Creative Commons](https://smartcopying.edu.au/creative-commons/) - Creative Commons (CC) is an internationally active, non-profit organisation that provides free licences for creators to use when making their work available to the public. These licences help creators give permission for others to use their work in advance under certain conditions. Creative Commons licences make it easier for teachers to use content by removing complex
- [TAFE](https://smartcopying.edu.au/tafe/) - This section provides information sheets, guides and flowcharts to illustrate the ways TAFE institutes and colleges can utilise copyright materials in their day-to-day teaching, outside the classroom and in the digital space. It covers using copyright materials under copyright exceptions, the statutory licences and the TAFE Music Licence. It also contains a Copyright Guide for
- [Schools](https://smartcopying.edu.au/schools/) - This section provides information sheets, guides and flowcharts to illustrate the ways schools can utilise copyright materials in their day-to-day teaching, outside the classroom and in the digital space. It covers using copyright materials under copyright exceptions, the statutory licences and the Schools Music Licence. It also contains a Copyright Guide for Departments of Education
- [How to attribute Creative Commons licensed materials](https://smartcopying.edu.au/how-to-attribute-creative-commons-licensed-materials/) - All Creative Commons licences require that users of the work attribute the creator. This is also a requirement under Australian copyright law. This means you always have to acknowledge the creator of the CC work you are using, as well as provide any relevant copyright information. For many users ​of CC material, attribution is one of
- [OER Toolkit : Section 1 - Introduction](https://smartcopying.edu.au/oer-toolkit-section-1-introduction/) - This Toolkit has been developed to support teachers, curriculum writers and e-learning areas within Departments of Education, Catholic Education Commissions and Associations of Independent Schools, to understand and make use of open educational resources (OER) to create curriculum resources. The Toolkit specifically looks at how to find and use OER and how to license these
- [What is Creative Commons?](https://smartcopying.edu.au/what-is-creative-commons/) - Updated 9 January 2023 Creative Commons (CC) is an internationally active non-profit organisation that provides free licences for creators to use when making their work available to the public. These licences help the creator to give permission for others to use the work in advance under certain conditions. Every time a work is created, such
- [The Copyright Access Reforms](https://smartcopying.edu.au/the-copyright-access-reforms-2020/) - 26 September 2022 Schools have been raising the need for copyright reform to appropriately accommodate digital teaching methods for over a decade. Although there have been a series of government copyright reviews over the years, these much-needed copyright reforms have not yet been made. Following the election in May 2022, Australian schools still face uncertainty
- [How to find Creative Commons materials using the Openverse Search Portal](https://smartcopying.edu.au/how-to-find-creative-commons-materials-using-the-openverse-search-portal/) - Updated 19 July 2022 Previously, Creative Commons hosted a CC Search Portal on its website (CC Search). This has been updated to Openverse, hosted on the WordPress website. Similar to CC Search, users are still able to search by use case, licence type and several other filters. Openverse also has built in language support, so
- [Introduction to OER](https://smartcopying.edu.au/introduction-to-oer/) - Updated 14 June 2022 Introduction to Open Education Resources Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching, learning and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaption and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions. Why
- [School Libraries – Using Book Covers](https://smartcopying.edu.au/school-libraries-using-book-covers/) - Copying book covers for promotional purposes Updated 9 June 2022 School libraries commonly copy and communicate book covers for promotional purposes such as promoting library programs, book week or book reviews. Under the Australian Publishers Association (APA) and the Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA) Book Covers Agreement (the Book Covers Agreement) libraries, including libraries
- [Videos on OER](https://smartcopying.edu.au/videos-on-oer/) - Updated 31 May 2022 OER Africa has created a series of simple tutorials on searching for Open Content The Finding Open Content Tutorial can be accessed directly at OER Africa. There is no requirement to log in or register, simply click on the link. There are videos and interactive elements. The tutorial covers: · A search strategy
- [Flowcharts](https://smartcopying.edu.au/flowcharts/) - Use these flowcharts if you wish to upload teaching resources that include third party material (ie material where the copyright is not owned by your Education Department, Education Body or TAFE) to a public website or password protected intranet. Schools - Creating learning resources that include third party text and artistic works Education Department or
- [Short explainers on CC and OER](https://smartcopying.edu.au/short-explainers-on-cc-and-oer/) - Below are links to slides that are short explainers on Creative Commons (CC) and Open Education Resources (OER):
- [How to find Creative Commons materials using Google](https://smartcopying.edu.au/how-to-find-creative-commons-materials-using-google/) - Updated 25 May 2022 Google is one of the most commonly used search engines in the world, but did you know you can use Google to find Creative Commons (CC) licensed content? Using Google Advanced Search, you are able to search for material by keyword and refine your results to show only material available that
- [Creative Commons: A Quick Overview](https://smartcopying.edu.au/creative-commons-a-quick-overview/) - Updated 24 May 2022 This information sheet provides a short introduction to Creative Commons. For further information, including a detailed guide on how to find and attribute Creative Commons material, see the Creative Commons Information Pack. Creative Commons provides an alternative licensing system so that authors, musicians and other creators can grant rights to the
- [How to find Creative Commons materials using YouTube](https://smartcopying.edu.au/how-to-find-creative-commons-material-using-youtube/) - Updated 24 May 2022 YouTube is one of the most commonly used video search engines in the world. Did you know you can use YouTube to find Creative Commons (CC) licensed Videos? Using the YouTube search filters, you are able to search for material by keyword and refine your search to show only material available
- [Music in Religious Services](https://smartcopying.edu.au/music-in-religious-services/) - Updated 21 March 2022 Schools often use music as part of their religious services. Examples include: students and staff singing hymns during school assemblies playing recorded music in a school chapel as part of a school service students performing music at a school service held at a local church. National schools music licences Schools have
- [Educational Licences](https://smartcopying.edu.au/educational-licences/) - Updated 17 March 2022 The Copyright Act sets out two licences that govern the copying and communication of copyright works by schools and TAFE: the Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence and Statutory Broadcast Licence. Educational institutions can also enter voluntary licences with the various collecting societies, who collect royalties on behalf of their copyright
- [Scanning - What am I allowed to do?](https://smartcopying.edu.au/scanning-what-am-i-allowed-to-do/) - This information sheet deals with scanning of hardcopy text and/or artistic works for educational purposes) and in what circumstances teachers may: scan (make a copy) make scanned copies available to students to access (communicate) and email scanned copies to students. Rules for scanning and communicating scanned text works Under the Statutory Text and Artistic Works
- [Copyright](https://smartcopying.edu.au/copyright/)
- [Flowchart: Schools and TAFE - Creating learning resources that include third party material for students with a disability](https://smartcopying.edu.au/flowchart-schools-and-tafe-creating-learning-resources-that-include-third-party-material-for-students-with-a-disability/) - Download flowchart as pdf Download Download flowchart as Word doc Download
- [Flowchart: Schools - Creating learning resources that include third party text and artistic works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/flowchart-schools-creating-learning-resources-that-include-third-party-text-and-artistic-works/) - Download flowchart as a pdf Download Download flowchart as a Word doc Download
- [Flowchart: Education Department or Education Body - Creating learning resources that include third party text and artistic works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/flow-chart-creating-learning-resources-that-include-third-party-text-and-artistic-works-education-department-or-education-body/) - Download flowchart as a pdf Download Download flowchart as a Word doc Download
- [Flowchart: TAFE - Creating learning resources that include third party text and artistic works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/flowchart-tafe-creating-learning-resources-that-include-third-party-text-and-artistic-works/) - Download the flowchart in pdf below Download Download the flowchart in Word below Download
- [YouTube - Using (TAFE)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/using-youtube-tafe/) - Risk management tips for teachers using YouTube Don't use content that is likely to be an infringing copy. Only use YouTube videos for the purpose of teaching. There should be no commercial benefit. Only use what you need. Check that you can't purchase or readily license the content that you need from another source. Don't
- [Playing Films, Television and Radio in Schools](https://smartcopying.edu.au/playing-films-television-and-radio-in-schools/) - Playing films, television and radio for educational purposes Updated 20 July 2021 Schools can play films, television and radio in the classroom (or another teaching venue) as part of a course of instruction under s 28 of the Copyright Act. This includes playing a film to students via a reticulation system, ie playing the film
- [Mythbusting fair use](https://smartcopying.edu.au/mythbusting-fair-use/) - Australian Law Reform Commission Review - Copyright and the Digital Economy Dispelling some myths about the ALRC’s fair use proposals The ALRC has proposed the introduction of a fair use provision to Australia’s copyright laws to make them work for the digital environment. There have been many claims made about the negative effects of the introduction
- [Response to Teacher Associations open letter on fair use](https://smartcopying.edu.au/response-to-teacher-associations-open-letter-on-fair-use/) - You may have seen recent media reports of teachers speaking out publicly against fair use. If so, you might be wondering why the Smartcopying website contains material supporting fair use. We hope that this answers any questions you may have. (If you’re not sure what fair use is, start here) Why are some teachers publicly
- [Australian Law Reform Commission Review Final Report – Copyright & the Digital Economy](https://smartcopying.edu.au/australian-law-reform-commission-review-final-report-copyright-the-digital-economy/) - This information sheet provides detail about the Australian Law Reform Commission review and its recommendations, and in particular explains why the entire Australian education sector — the school sector, the university sector and the TAFE sector — supports these recommendations and is calling for urgent reform of copyright law. What is the ALRC review? In
- [Productivity Commission report into Intellectual Property Arrangements and the Ernst & Young Cost Benefit Analysis of the ALRC’s proposed Copyright Reform](https://smartcopying.edu.au/productivity-commission-report-into-intellectual-property-arrangements/) - In August 2015, The Australian Government asked the Productivity Commission (PC) to undertake a public inquiry into Australia's intellectual property system. The Commission was asked to consider whether current arrangements provide an appropriate balance between access to ideas and products, and encouraging innovation, investment and the production of creative works. In July 2015, Ernst &
- [Answering teachers' common questions about fair use](https://smartcopying.edu.au/answering-teachers-common-questions-about-fair-use/) - The Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) has proposed the introduction of a fair use exception to future proof Australia’s copyright laws and ensure that fair uses of copyright materials are permitted in Australian schools. More information about the ALRC’s proposals as well as information on debunking some of the common myths about fair use and why Australian schools need fair
- [Yes, Australian schools do pay to use free online content](https://smartcopying.edu.au/yes-australian-schools-do-pay-to-use-free-online-content/) - In early June, the Australian Digital Alliance (ADA) launched its #copywrong website. Copyright Agency, who manages the collection of copyright fees from Australian schools under the statutory licence for education, took issue with some of the education examples included on the site. In their news item, What's wrong with #copywrong, Copyright Agency highlighted three #copywrong education examples that are 'unsubstantiated and
- [Myth: Fair use would harm Australian authors](https://smartcopying.edu.au/myth-fair-use-would-harm-australian-authors/) - There’s an awful lot of confusion about the difference between fair dealing and fair use, and the likely impact of fair use on Australian authors. Many authors, for example, have expressed support for the existing fair dealing regime (which they say is “clear”, and “fair”, and should be retained), and alarm at the proposal for
- [Fair use and schools - setting the record straight](https://smartcopying.edu.au/fair-use-and-schools-setting-the-record-straight/) - Organisations such as the Copyright Agency/Viscopy continue to mislead their Australian author members by telling them that fair use would see their licensing payments coming to an end. This is simply not true. Fact - Australian authors will continue to receive payments when their works are copied by Australian schools. Australian schools spend upwards of
- [Fair Use And Why Australian Schools Need It – Infographic](https://smartcopying.edu.au/fair-use-and-why-australian-schools-need-it-infographic/) - Download
- [Why Australian schools need fair use](https://smartcopying.edu.au/why-australian-schools-need-fair-use/) - The lack of a fair use exception is affecting Australian schools in two ways: For some uses, the absence of a fair use exception means that Australian schools are simply prevented from using copyright material in the same ways as their counterparts in the US and other countries that have fair use. For other uses,
- [Australian Law Reform Commission Review - Copyright and the Digital Economy - Discussion Paper & responding to claims by the Australian Society of Authors](https://smartcopying.edu.au/australian-law-reform-commission-review-copyright-and-the-digital-economy-discussion-paper-responding-to-claims-by-the-australian-society-of-authors/) - What is the ALRC review? The Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) is currently reviewing Australia’s copyright exceptions to make sure they are suitable for the digital environment. This review is critical for Australian teachers and students. Delivering world class education requires copyright laws that are fit for purpose in a digital age. Teachers, parents and
- [Schools sector public commitment to continue to pay under the statutory licence](https://smartcopying.edu.au/schools-sector-public-commitment-to-continue-to-pay-under-the-statutory-licence/) - CAG submission in response to ARLC Copyright and the Digital Economy Discussion Paper (This submission was made in response to the ALRC’s Discussion Paper, which included a draft recommendation to replace the educational statutory licences with voluntary licensing. In its final report, the ALRC recommended that the statutory licences be retained, but greatly simplifed.) 1.1.3 CAG
- [Myth: Fair use decimated educational publishing in Canada](https://smartcopying.edu.au/myth-fair-use-decimated-educational-publishing-in-canada/) - Copyright Agency and other rights holder groups have claimed - falsely - that fair use has decimated the Canadian educational publishing industry. They warn that the same would happen in Australia. This myth really needs to be called out. It is completely without foundation. True In 2012 Canada enacted copyright reforms that have permitted Canadian
- [Fair use and why Australian schools need it](https://smartcopying.edu.au/fair-use-and-why-australian-schools-need-it/) - Many countries around the world are currently reviewing their copyright laws. Australia, like Europe, is one of these countries. Education is crucial to the future economic and social wellbeing of Australia and Europe. These are exciting times for education, but the benefits of the digital era will not be fully realised in our classrooms unless
- [Copyright Modernisation Consultation - July 2018](https://smartcopying.edu.au/copyright-modernisation-consultation-july-2018-2/) - What is the Copyright Modernisation Consultation? In recent years the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) and the Productivity Commission (PC) have carried out in-depth reviews and put forward a range of recommendations aimed at modernising the Copyright Act, which in 2018 is now 50 years old. The Department of Communication and the Arts informed by
- [Parody and Satire](https://smartcopying.edu.au/parody-and-satire/) - Parody, satire and the Copyright Amendment Act 2006 What am I allowed to do? Amendments to the Copyright Act in 2006 introduced a new, free exception – fair dealing for parody or satire. What are we allowed to do? You, or your students, can use copyright material for the purposes of parody or satire, if
- [Podcasts - Using - What am I allowed to do? (TAFE)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/podcasts-using-what-am-i-allowed-to-do-tafe/) - Teachers and students might use podcasts as part of classroom activities, for homework or for general TAFE activities (eg updating students on TAFE events). Teachers might use podcasts to: provide foreign language lessons to students as part of revision and homework tasks facilitate self-paced and distance learning or assist students with reading difficulties or other
- [Podcasts - Creating (TAFE)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/podcasts-creating-tafe/) - Creating Podcasts – What am I allowed to do? Teachers and students might create podcasts as part of classroom activities, for homework or for general TAFE activities (eg updating students on TAFE events). Teachers might create podcasts to: provide foreign language lessons to students set out revision and homework tasks facilitate self-paced and distance learning
- [Students and Copyright](https://smartcopying.edu.au/students-and-copyright/) - What is copyright? A simple definition of copyright is that it is a bunch of rights in certain creative material (literary works, artistic works, musical works, computer programs, sound recordings, films and broadcasts) which can be used to stop others from copying the creative material without permission. At its most basic, copyright is simply the
- [Podcasts - Creating](https://smartcopying.edu.au/podcasts-creating/) - Creating Podcasts - What am I allowed to do? Teachers and students might create podcasts as part of classroom activities, for homework or for general school activities (eg updating parents on school events). Teachers might create podcasts to: provide foreign language lessons to students set out revision and homework tasks facilitate self-paced and distance learning
- [Labelling Third Party Content in Creative Commons Licensed Material](https://smartcopying.edu.au/labelling-third-party-content-in-creative-commons-licensed-material/) - This information sheet is for teachers who create or compile teaching resources and for e-learning and curriculum units who develop resources. It is important to properly label all material that is distributed by or for schools. The purpose of labelling is: to assist with the distribution of copyright royalties under the statutory licence scheme to
- [How to Label Third Party Content in Creative Commons Licensed Material](https://smartcopying.edu.au/how-to-label-third-party-content-in-creative-commons-licensed-material/) - Updated 19 February 2021 Creative Commons licences are designed to let others know how they may use a work without infringing copyright. Therefore, if you are distributing information under a Creative Commons Licence, and it includes content that isn’t covered by the Creative Commons Licence, this material needs to be clearly identified. Third Party Content
- [Where to Find OER Materials](https://smartcopying.edu.au/where-to-find-oer-materials/) - There is an abundance of OER materials open for everyone to use and available on the Internet. However, the key is knowing where to find such materials. Once you master this, it is surprisingly easy to find quality materials. OER goes hand in hand with CC licensed materials; links to good sources of CC licensed
- [Recommended Creative Commons Website and Publication notices](https://smartcopying.edu.au/recommended-creative-commons-website-and-publication-notices/) - Set out below are recommended comprehensive long-form and/short-form © notices with Creative Commons licences prepared by NCU for State and Territory Education Departments and the non-government school sectors for websites and publications. The website copyright notices are useful as they do the following: explain the Creative Commons licence what permission has been granted to others to make use
- [International OER Guides and Toolkits](https://smartcopying.edu.au/international-oer-guides-and-toolkits/) - There are a wide range of guides and toolkits available from a variety of sources to help to understand and implement Open Education policies. They provide a good explanation of OER and how to licence under CC licences but please note that there are differences in law and administration of the education sector in different
- [YouTube - Using](https://smartcopying.edu.au/using-youtube/) - Risk management tips for teachers using YouTube Don't use content that is likely to be an infringing copy. Only use YouTube videos for the purpose of teaching. There should be no commercial benefit. Only use what you need. Check that you can't purchase or readily license the content that you need from another source. Don't
- [Screening Pirated DVDs](https://smartcopying.edu.au/screening-pirated-dvds/) - This information sheet is designed to inform schools about the copyright issues related to the use of “pirated” DVDs in schools. Piracy is theft It has been reported that schools may be inadvertently infringing copyright in cinema films by allowing “pirated” DVD versions to be screened on school premises. We understand that these DVDs have,
- [Safe Harbours](https://smartcopying.edu.au/safe-harbours/) - The Copyright Act 1968 (Act) contains a ‘safe harbour’ scheme (Part V Division 2AA of the Act). This scheme provides legal protection to schools and TAFEs in certain circumstances for copyright infringements committed by users of their IT systems and services. As long as a school or TAFE follows the rules set out in the
- [Podcasts - Using](https://smartcopying.edu.au/podcasts-using/) - Using Podcasts What am I allowed to do? What is a podcast? A “podcast” is a digital media file that is made available on the internet. It usually comprises visual and aural copyright material, including film, sound recordings and pictures. Podcasts with audiovisual content are sometimes called "vodcasts". Podcasts can be downloaded to computers and
- [Cloud Computing - Using](https://smartcopying.edu.au/using-cloud-computing/) - ‘Cloud computing’ is a term used to describe the delivery of computing services such as software, data access and data storage facilities over the internet rather than through a personal computer or location server. This enables users to access applications and data on-demand through a web browser regardless of their physical location or device (PC,
- [Circumventing Technology Protection Measures](https://smartcopying.edu.au/circumventing-technology-protection-measures/) - Circumvention: What am I allowed to do? What are Technological Protection Measures? There are two types of Technological Protection Measures (TPMs): Access Control TPMs - these are used to control access to copyright content. Some examples include: password control systems (eg a 'members only' password which limits access to special content on a website to
- [Applications (apps) in the Classroom - Using](https://smartcopying.edu.au/applications-apps-in-the-classroom-using/) - What are "apps"? Apps are pieces of software that run on any device, such as a laptop, smart phone, iPod or iPad. As devices increase in popularity – at home and in business, as well as in the classroom – a seemingly endless range of apps have become available for purchase. Many of these apps
- [Quick Guide to Creative Commons](https://smartcopying.edu.au/quick-guide-to-creative-commons/) - Creative Commons licences work as “Some rights reserved” rule instead of “All rights reserved” rule. CC offers a diverse set of licence conditions – the freedoms and limitations. This allows the author to define rules on which he or she would like to share his or her creations with others. At the same time users gain more
- [‘Creative Commons for Educators and Librarians’ print resource](https://smartcopying.edu.au/creative-commons-for-educators-and-librarians-print-resource/) - The American Library Association (ALA) and Creative Commons have collaborated on a new publication, 'Creative Commons for Educators and Librarians,' available in print at the ALA store and downloaded from the Creative Commons website. This book offers a clear and comprehensive background on copyright law, open licensing and open advocacy. This book can be read
- [Creative Commons /OER](https://smartcopying.edu.au/creative-commons-oer/) - Description of creative comms here......
- [Applying a Creative Commons Licence](https://smartcopying.edu.au/applying-a-creative-commons-licence/) - In June 2014 the Australian Education, Early Childhood Development and Youth Affairs Senior Officials Committee (AEEYSOC) approved the amendment of the terms of use and copyright notices of the websites and publications of all Australian Departments of Education. This requires the Departments of Education websites and publications to comply with the Australian Governments Open Access
- [Videos about Creative Commons](https://smartcopying.edu.au/videos-about-creative-commons/) - Creative Commons Australia Animations: Mayer and Bettle These short animations are a fun and simple way to learn about Creative Commons. Both were developed by Creative Commons Australia and are based on fabulous characters, Mayer and Bettle. They are a great resource to use in the classroom when teaching students about Creative Commons. The first animation focuses on the basics
- [3. Australian Law Reform Commission Review](https://smartcopying.edu.au/australian-law-reform-commission-review-copyright-and-the-digital-economy/) - Australian Law Reform Commission Review Final Report – Copyright and the Digital Economy Australian Law Reform Commission Review - Copyright and the Digital Economy - Discussion Paper & responding to claims by the Australian Society of Authors Why Australian schools need fair use Fair Use And Why Australian Schools Need It - Infographic Fair use
- [2. Productivity Commission report](https://smartcopying.edu.au/2-productivity-commission-report/) - Productivity Commission report into Intellectual Property Arrangements and the Ernst & Young Cost Benefit Analysis of the ALRC’s proposed Copyright Reform Fair use and why Australian schools need it Myth: Fair use decimated educational publishing in Canada Schools sector public commitment to continue to pay under the statutory licence
- [Current Copyright Law Reform Issues](https://smartcopying.edu.au/current-copyright-law-reform-issues/) - Copyright Modernisation Consultation - July 2018
- [Australian Law Reform Commission Review - Copyright and the Digital Economy - Discussion Paper & responding to claims by the Australian Society of Authors](https://smartcopying.edu.au/australian-law-reform-commission-review-copyright-the-digital-economy-discussion-paper/) - What is the ALRC review? The Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) is currently reviewing Australia’s copyright exceptions to make sure they are suitable for the digital environment. This review is critical for Australian teachers and students. Delivering world class education requires copyright laws that are fit for purpose in a digital age. Teachers, parents and
- [The Copyright Amendment (Disability Access and Other Measures) Act 2017](https://smartcopying.edu.au/copy-amendment-act-2017/) - Educational and library copying reforms in 2017 - what’s changed and where do you find information on the changes? There were a number of important changes to the educational and library copying provisions in the Copyright Act (the Act) in 2017. Information sheets on the Smartcopying website have been updated to take account of these changes.
- [Open Education Resources](https://smartcopying.edu.au/open-education-resources/) - OER are teaching and learning materials that are freely available for everyone to use whether you are a teacher, student or self- learner. Learning and teaching materials which are made available openly under licences which permit their free access, use, adaptation and sharing by others are transformed into OER. OER resources are licenced under Creative
- [Information Sheets](https://smartcopying.edu.au/information-sheets/)
- [Disclaimer](https://smartcopying.edu.au/disclaimer/) - Adipisci assumenda tempore aptent repudiandae penatibus excepteur facere blandit! Vivamus non accusamus sem? Quasi aspernatur! Ratione sodales eiusmod, laboriosam? Qui occaecat congue dolorum voluptates curae iste. Tempore massa libero potenti, consectetur tempore, praesent cum. Adipisci assumenda tempore aptent repudiandae penatibus excepteur facere blandit! Vivamus non accusamus sem? Quasi aspernatur! Ratione sodales eiusmod, laboriosam? Qui occaecat
- [Glossary](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/)
- [General](https://smartcopying.edu.au/general/)
- [Third Level](https://smartcopying.edu.au/sample-page/second-level-sample-page-2/third-level/) - Iusto repellendus nonummy class tempor? Potenti distinctio exercitationem maiores lobortis rhoncus? Harum necessitatibus qui cubilia viverra facere quo? Architecto! Natoque? Laoreet pulvinar, risus tincidunt? Pulvinar. Morbi odio, provident faucibus! Suscipit sint malesuada quaerat officia provident alias temporibus! Cupiditate ornare duis urna laboriosam purus. Ullam risus ut, necessitatibus turpis vitae? Hymenaeos. Nobis debitis quisquam optio, aliquid
- [Second Level Sample Page 2](https://smartcopying.edu.au/sample-page/second-level-sample-page-2/) - Perferendis autem deleniti eius optio provident reiciendis sed, pede pellentesque voluptatibus, lacus fermentum diamlorem rutrum, natus! Cubilia auctor suscipit? Eget? Sit eos mollit lectus, leo. Suspendisse, placerat non lacinia ante lobortis officiis mattis. Numquam vulputate, quia, iusto, unde, fugit tenetur est. Fermentum facere aliquid exercitation, ut, dolorem luctus, orci, cillum.
- [Second Level Sample Page](https://smartcopying.edu.au/sample-page/second-level-sample-page/) - Perferendis autem deleniti eius optio provident reiciendis sed, pede pellentesque voluptatibus, lacus fermentum diamlorem rutrum, natus! Cubilia auctor suscipit? Eget? Sit eos mollit lectus, leo. Suspendisse, placerat non lacinia ante lobortis officiis mattis. Numquam vulputate, quia, iusto, unde, fugit tenetur est. Fermentum facere aliquid exercitation, ut, dolorem luctus, orci, cillum.

## CM Tooltip Glossary Pro

- [Playing films in class](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/playing-films-in-class/) - TAFEs can play films and TV broadcasts in class for educational purposes under section 28 of the Copyright Act. Making material available online to play in class is fine, provided the film is removed at the end of the class. See Performance and Communication of Copyright Material in TAFE Classes.
- [TAFE owned content](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/tafe-owned-content/) - If you are not using any third party material (ie your resource only includes TAFE owned content), you can use the resource however you like. However, we recommend you license your resource under a Creative Commons (CC) licence.
- [What is a film?](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/what-is-a-film/) - Films include videos, feature, short and documentary films, animations or cartoons, on demand TV programs offered by subscription services, corporate or training videos, and vodcasts (eg purchased DVDs, streamed subscription films, commercial films, YouTube clips). TV broadcasts are not considered films.
- [Commercial Activity](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/commercial-activity/) - Under the School Music Licence, commercial activities are activities undertaken by a school to generate profit, where that profit will not go back to the school or to a registered charity associated with the school. Examples of commercial activities that would not be regarded as school events are: a dance festival run by another organisation;
- [Collecting Society](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/collecting-society/) - Collecting society refers to a body created either by private agreements or by statute to represent copyright owners and manage their rights in copyright works. The society may have the authority to license copyright works to the public on behalf of its members and collect licence fees paid by individuals and groups for the use
- [APRA AMCOS (Australasian Performing Right Association and Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners’ Society)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/apra-amcos/) - APRA AMCOS is the collecting society that collects and distributes royalties for the public performance and communication of musical works as well as the reproduction rights in musical works on behalf of its members, namely composers, writers and music publishers.
- [Webcast](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/webcast/) - A webcast is a video broadcast which is streamed through the internet (eg a live video broadcast of a school dance performance).
- [Video on Demand](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/video-on-demand/) - A video on demand system allows viewers to choose and play films, at any time, from an available selection. Examples include Foxtel, Netflix, Disney+ and Stan.
- [Technological Protection Measure (TPM)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/technological-protection-measure-tpm/) - A Technological Protection Measure (TPM) is a device or software placed on copyright material to prevent unauthorised access or copying. Examples include software locks or password protection measures.
- [Sound Recordings](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/sound-recordings/) - Sound Recordings are recorded versions of musical works. Examples include Apple or Spotify tracks, MP3 files, vinyl, CDs, audio cassettes, reel to reel tapes and any other method for storing sounds.
- [School events](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/school-events/) - Under the Schools Music Licence, school events includes any event, activity, function or live performance organised or authorised by, or connected with, the school that is not a commercial activity. This includes: concerts, events or functions held at the school; concerts, events or functions organised by the school at a different venue, where parents and
- [Screenrights](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/screenrights/) - Screenrights is the declared collecting society for the: • copying and communication of material from radio and television broadcasts by educational institutions; • copying and communication of material from radio and television broadcasts by Government; and • re-transmission of radio and television broadcasts. Screenrights represents the copyright owners in film, television, sound recordings and other
- [Reproduce](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/reproduction/) - To reproduce means to copy an artistic, text, musical or dramatic work, film, television broadcast or sound recording, and includes: • printing • photocopying • scanning • downloading/saving a copy to another device (eg USB, hard drive, mobile phone or tablet) or cloud storage space (eg Dropbox) • taking a digital photo/screenshot • making a
- [Open Education Resources (OER)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/open-education-resources-oer/) - Open Education Resources (OER) are teaching, learning and research materials in any medium (digital or otherwise) that are in the public domain or have been released under an open licence that permits free access, use, modification and sharing by others with no or limited restrictions. An example of OER material is CC licensed resources. See
- [Free to Air (Television and Radio)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/free-to-air-television-and-radio/) - Free to Air (Television and Radio) are unencrypted broadcasts which can be received without subscription by viewers. See Statutory Broadcast Licence.
- [Film](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/film/) - A film is a series of moving images usually with sound. Examples of films include: videos feature, short and documentary films animations or cartoons on demand television programs offered by subscription services film trailers television advertisements corporate or education videos video and computer games podcasts and vodcasts of audio visual material. If a film has been
- [Dramatic Context](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/dramatic-context/) - A performance in a dramatic context refers to a performance in conjunction with acting, costumes, scenic accessories, or other dramatic effects of works other than those specifically written for the stage.
- [Creative Commons (CC)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/creative-commons-cc/) - Creative Commons (CC) creates a “some rights reserved” model. The copyright owner retains copyright ownership in their work while allowing certain uses of their work by the public. There are 4 licence elements which are mixed to create six CC licences: Attribution – attribute the author Non-commercial – no commercial use No Derivative Works –
- [Copy](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/copy/) - To copy means to reproduce an artistic, text, musical or dramatic work, film, television broadcast or sound recording, and includes: • printing • photocopying • scanning • downloading/saving a copy to another device (eg USB, hard drive, mobile phone or tablet) or cloud storage space (eg Dropbox) • taking a digital photo/screenshot • making a
- [Commercially Available](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/commercially-available/) - Commercially available means where a copyright item is available to buy within a reasonable time at an ordinary commercial price.
- [Blackline Master (BLM)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/blackline-master-blm/) - A Blackline Master (BLM) is a teaching/learning resource that comes with a licence from publishers that allows the purchaser to copy some or all of its contents.
- [Audio-visual](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/audio-visual/) - Audio-visual material includes sound recordings, films and broadcasts. See What is protected by copyright?
- [Adaptation](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/adaptation/) - Adaptation means the transformation of a copyright work into a new copyright work, such as the translation of a book into another language or a new arrangement of a musical work.
- [ARIA (Australasian Recording Industry Association)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/aria-australasian-recording-industry-association/) - ARIA is a collecting society which represents the interests of the Australian record industry, including major record companies and independent record labels. It provides licences on behalf of its members to individuals and organisations who want to make legitimate reproductions of sound recordings.
- [Artistic Works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/artistic-works/) - Artistic Works include paintings, photos, drawings, maps, cartoons, diagrams, even moulds or casts for sculptures, buildings or models of buildings. See What is protected by copyright?.
- [Voluntary Licences](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/voluntary-licences/) - Updated 16 March 2022 Voluntary Licences are licence schemes, which are not set out in statute. Instead they are “voluntary” arrangements between collecting societies and the public for the use of copyright works. Schools have entered into various voluntary licences including the Schools Music Licence and the Co-Curricular Licence.
- [Musical Works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/musical-works/) - Musical works means the underlying musical score of a song, including the melodies and lyrics. It includes all types of music such as song music, pop songs, advertising jingles and film scores.
- [OneMusic](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/onemusic/) - OneMusic is a joint initiative between the collecting societies APRA AMCOS and PPCA that grants licences for the use of musical works and sound recordings.
- [Digital Teaching Environment (DTE)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/digital-teaching-environment-dte/) - Online environments with features that enable students and teachers to engage with course content, manage their course work and explore material. For example, a learning management system (eg Blackboard, Moodle), a closed class area on an education platform (eg Google Classroom), classroom wiki's, interactive whiteboards or password protected share-drives containing class learning materials.
- [Communicate](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/communicate/) - To communicate means making copyright material available online or electronically transmitting copyright material. 'Making material available online' includes uploading material to a digital teaching environment (DTE) for student access and use via password protected access, such as: • a shared drive/intranet (eg Microsoft 365) • content or learning management systems (eg Moodle, Blackboard, Brightspace or
- [School purpose](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/school-purpose/) - When referring to the music licences, a school purpose is a purpose which the school undertakes as part of its usual activities, provided it is non-commercial. For example: providing educational services or religious services for staff, students and members of the school’s community as part of normal school activities engaging with members of the school
- [Educational Purpose](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/educational-purpose/) - Educational purpose includes: • teaching purposes, including preparation for teaching a class • as a part of a course of study • retaining in the library for use as a teaching resource. Where a school reproduces a musical work (for example by a school band, choir, orchestra or instrumental ensemble), educational purposes means for the
- [Educational Instruction](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/educational-instruction/) - Educational instruction includes: • teaching (in a classroom or remotely) • preparing to teach • compiling resources for student homework or research • doing anything else for the purpose of teaching.
- [Educational Institutions](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/educational-institutions/) - Educational institutions include schools, TAFE institutes and universities.
- [Reasonable Time](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/reasonable-time/) - When determining whether a work is commercially available in a reasonable time, 'reasonable time' is six months for text books and thirty days for other material. For electronic works in an online context, 'reasonable time' may be shorter given the ease of electronic delivery of materials via the internet.
- [Orchestral or Band Work](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/orchestral-or-band-work/) - Orchestral or band work means any work scored for more than 10 different instruments.
- [Performers' Rights](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/performers-rights/) - Performers have limited rights to: • authorise the recording, filming, broadcasting and internet streaming of their performances • prevent particular uses (such as the sale, copying, distribution or importation) of unauthorised recordings, videos or broadcasts of their live performance.
- [Broadcast](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/broadcast/) - Broadcast includes free to air and scheduled subscription radio and television broadcasts. See Radio and Television Broadcasts.
- [Electronic Works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/electronic-works/) - Electronic works refers to literary, dramatic and musical works in electronic form. It includes website content, PDFs, emails and CD-ROMs.
- [External Students](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/external-students/) - External students are students who are enrolled in a course offered by an educational institution and carry on the required study for that course at home or off campus.
- [Fair Dealing](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/fair-dealing/) - Fair dealing is one of the exceptions to copyright infringement. The Copyright Act provides that copying a reasonable portion of a work for the purposes of research or study, criticism or review, news reporting or parody and satire will be a fair dealing.
- [Copyright Agency Limited (CA)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/copyright-agency-limited-ca/) - CA is the declared collecting society for the: • reproduction and communication of print and artistic works by educational institutions • reproduction of print and artistic works by governments. CA represents copyright owners of text and artistic works including publishers, authors and artists, and is responsible for the administration of the Statutory Text and Artistic
- [Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/statutory-text-and-artistic-works-licence/) - The Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence is set out in section 113P of the Copyright Act and permits educational institutions to make multiple copies of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works for educational purposes. This licence also allows schools and TAFE institutes to copy and communicate text and artistic works in both hardcopy and
- [Crown Copyright](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/crown-copyright/) - Crown copyright refers to the ownership of copyright by the Crown in all material created under its direction or control or first published by it.
- [Hardcopy](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/hardcopy/) - Hardcopy in relation to literary, dramatic, artistic and musical works means in print form. This includes books, magazines, newspapers, journals or periodicals.
- [Licence](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/licence/) - Licence means permission to use a copyright work in a particular way. A licence may be exclusive or non-exclusive.
- [Dramatic Works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/dramatic-works/) - Dramatic works include plays, screenplays, mime and choreography. See What is protected by copyright?.
- [Ordinary Commercial Price](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/ordinary-commercial-price/) - Ordinary commercial price is likely to be what the market rate for that work is, or has been, or a comparable price to other works of the same nature.
- [Resource Centre](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/resource-centre/) - Resource Centres copy TV programs 24/7 and some, like ClickView, allow schools to share their copy videos with other schools in the ClickView ecosystem. Educational institutions that have a remuneration notice with Screenrights can obtain copies of television and radio programs from Resource Centres. Below is a list of Resource Centres: ClickView EnhanceTV TV4Education Understanding
- [PPCA (Phonographic Performance Company of Australia Limited)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/ppca-phonographic-performance-company-of-australia-limited/) - PPCA is the collecting society that represents the interests of record labels and Australian recording artists. It grants licences for the playing of sound recordings (eg CDs, tapes, records) and music videos in public and distributes the fees collected to its record label and recording artist members.
- [Moral Rights](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/moral-rights/) - Moral rights are the: • Right of attribution of authorship - The author has the right to be identified as the author of the work or film when it is presented to the public. The attribution must be reasonably clear and prominent. • Right against false attribution of authorship - The author has the right
- [Perform](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/performance/) - To perform any mode of visual or aural presentation such as reciting a poem or reading to a class, showing a film (eg streaming from YouTube, Netflix or Stan or play from a DVD), playing a sound recording (eg from Spotify or a CD), singing songs, playing instruments, staging a performance of a play or
- [Material Form](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/material-form/) - Material form refers to any form of storage (whether visible or not) of information.
- [Works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/works/) - Works refer to literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works. See What is protected by copyright?.
- [Published](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/published/) - Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works and sound recordings are published when they are made available to the public by sale or otherwise. A film is published when copies of the film are sold, let on hire, or offered for sale or hire, to the public.
- [Literary Works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/literary-works/) - Literary Works include novels, text books, newspaper articles, magazine articles, journals, poems, song lyrics, timetables, technical manuals, instruction manuals, computer software, anthologies, directories and databases. Note computer software is not covered by the Statutory Text and Artistic Work Licence. See What is protected by copyright?.
- [Author](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/author/) - Author refers to the person who put the work in material form, for example the writer of a literary work, the composer of a musical work or the artist who created an artwork.
- [Vocal Score](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/vocal-score/) - Vocal Score means a publication which sets out the musical notation and lyrics of a large choral or vocal work.
- [Text](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/text/) - Text works include textbooks, eBooks, worksheets, newspapers, magazines, novels, journals and material from online/websites.
- [Subject Matter other than Works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/subject-matter-other-than-works/) - Subject Matter other than Works includes films, sound recordings, broadcasts and published editions. See What is protected by copyright?.
- [Streaming](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/streaming/) - Streaming is a method of viewing or listening to music, videos or films using the internet, without needing to download the content (eg playing a live TV program, or music from services such as Spotify).
- [Statutory Licences](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/statutory-licences/) - Statutory Licences are licence schemes created under the Copyright Act for the educational use of copyright material. The two statutory licence schemes are the Statutory Broadcast Licence and the Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence.
- [Statutory Broadcast Licence](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/statutory-broadcast-licence/) - Statutory Broadcast Licence is set out in Section 113P of the Copyright Act and permits educational institutions to copy and communicate radio and television programs from: • free-to-air radio and television (eg ABC TV and ABC Radio); • satellite and subscription (pay) radio and television (eg Foxtel); and • online TV/radio programs from a free
- [Separately published](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/separately-published/) - Separately published means supplying copies to the public or making copies available to the public. For example: • in hardcopy (book, brochure, information sheet or other publication); • on a CD-Rom or disc; or • on a website.
- [Satire](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/satire/) - Satire means the use of irony, sarcasm or ridicule in exposing vice or folly.
- [Published Editions](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/published-editions/) - Published Editions means the typesetting, layout and look of a publication.
- [Podcast](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/podcast/) - Podcasts are digital audio files that can be downloaded to a computer or mobile device and are often available as a series.
- [Pay (Television)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/pay-television/) - Pay (Television) refers to encrypted television broadcasts accessible only through subscription.
- [Parody](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/parody/) - Parody is a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious work, a caricature, or a poor imitation of something designed to ridicule it (eg a 'take off').
- [Grand Right Works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/grand-right-works/) - Grand Right Works include vocal or other scores from musicals, operas, operettas, music theatre works, ballets, pantomimes and stage shows and large choral works (longer than 20 minutes duration).
- [Engraving](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/engraving/) - Engraving includes an etching, lithograph, product of photogravure, woodcut, print or similar work, not being a photograph.
- [Choral Sheet](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/choral-sheet/) - Choral Sheet means a separately published small choral work (of less than 20 minutes duration) to be sung by a choir or group of singers with or without accompaniment.
- [Choral Work](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/choral-work/) - Choral Work means a work written to be sung by a choir or other group of singers, with or without any instrumental accompaniment.
- [Chamber Music Work](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/chamber-music-work/) - Chamber Music Work means an instrumental work for up to 10 instruments.
- [CCLI (Christian Copyright Licensing International)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/ccli-christian-copyright-licensing-international/) - CCLI is a collecting society which licenses rights over Christian works including films, hymn sheets and lyrics. It predominantly services churches, schools and other organisations worldwide in the use of copyright works owned by its members.
- [Audiobook](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/audiobook/) - Audiobook refers to an audio recording of a book or other work being read aloud.
- [Assignment](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/assignment/) - Assignment means the transfer of ownership of copyright in a work to someone else.
- [Assign](https://smartcopying.edu.au/glossary/assign/) - Assign means to transfer the ownership of copyright in a work to someone else.

## FAQ

- [Film and Video](https://smartcopying.edu.au/faqs/film-and-video-dvd/) - FAQs on the following topics: playing films from streaming, subscription or video on demand services in class playing YouTube videos in class playing a film for a a fundraising event converting videos and DVDs into a digital format.
- [Artistic Works and Images](https://smartcopying.edu.au/faqs/artistic-works-images/) - FAQs on the following topics: using images from stock image libraries or the internet displaying images at schools assemblies using book covers in a school library catalogues, school posters or book reviews for a school newsletter students using third party images.
- [Commercial Activities in TAFE](https://smartcopying.edu.au/faqs/commercial-activities-in-tafe/) - FAQs on such topics as can TAFE institutes: rely on the Statutory Text and Artistics Works Licnece to copy or communicate course material when delivering a professional development course for a commercial client or overseas client rely on the Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence in preparing course materials for ‘hobby courses’ and non-accredited courses
- [Internet and Websites](https://smartcopying.edu.au/faqs/internet-and-websites/) - FAQs on topics such as: using images from the internet on a school website hyperlinking uploading a recording of a school choir's performance to a school website copying images and text from the internet.
- [Text Works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/faqs/text-works/) - FAQs on such topics as: copying or communcating a text work uploading a book to a DTE copying works such as a journal article, poem, newspaper/magazine article, PowerPoint and Blackline Master.
- [Television and Radio Broadcasts](https://smartcopying.edu.au/faqs/television-and-radio-broadcasts/) - FAQs on such topics as: Stautory Broadcast Licence making a copy of a television program unlicensed TAFEs.
- [Music - TAFE](https://smartcopying.edu.au/faqs/music-tafe/) - FAQs on such topics as: playing live or recorded music live streaming TAFE events recording TAFE events sharing recordings of TAFE events incorporating sound recordings into other works making sound recordings to play at TAFE events playing music in the TAFE classroom.
- [Music - Schools](https://smartcopying.edu.au/faqs/music-schools/) - FAQs on such topics as: performing musical works live making, using and sharing audio or video recordings copying sheet music copying lyrics rearranging music copying music from the radio. FAQs on such topics as performing musical works live, playing recorded music, audio or video recordings, sheet music and rearranging music.

## Guidelines

- [Films](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/films-and-videos/) - Updated 4 August 2026 Teachers regularly use films for educational and other purposes. The films could be from a range of sources such as Netflix, YouTube, Stan, Google Play, Amazon Prime, iTunes or Apple TV. What is a film? In this section, the term film refers to all audio-visual material that show moving images with or
- [Radio and Television Broadcasts](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/radio-and-television-broadcasts/) - Updated 1 April 2026 Teachers may use radio and television broadcasts for educational purposes by: playing radio or television in class playing copies of radio or television broadcasts in class, including from a resource centre platform sending students links to broadcasters’ online channels telling students to watch radio or television broadcasts at home making and
- [Statutory Broadcast Licence](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/statutory-broadcast-licence/) - . Updated 27 February 2026 . Introduction . The Statutory Broadcast Licence is administered by the collecting society, Screenrights. Some people refer to it as the ‘Screenrights Licence’. . The Statutory Broadcast Licence allows educational institutions to make copies of broadcasts of radio and television programs and communicate those copies solely for educational purposes. .
- [Copying for Exams](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/library-exam-and-disability-copying/copying-for-exams/) - Updated 21 November 2025 The exam copying exception in section 200(1A) of the Copyright Act allows schools and TAFE to copy and communicate material for the purpose of conducting or answering a question in an exam. Staff can rely on the exam copying exception to use copyright material in exam questions, and students can rely
- [Disability Access Exceptions](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/library-exam-and-disability-copying/disability-access-exceptions/) - Updated 21 November 2025 The Copyright Act contains two disability copying exceptions: use of copyright material by organisations assisting persons with a disability fair dealing for the purpose of assisting persons with a disability. Both of these exceptions can be used by TAFEs and schools to assist students with a disability, but the circumstances in
- [The Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/the-statutory-text-and-artistic-works-licence/) - Updated 7 October 2025 The Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence is set out in s 113P of the Copyright Act. It allows schools and TAFEs to make multiple copies of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works for educational purposes. It also allows schools and TAFEs to communicate copies of those works. The Statutory Text
- [Music](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/music/) - Updated 25 June 2025 Teachers regularly use music for educational or other purposes. They may want to copy sheet music for students or perform music live. Or, they may want to record a live performance of music by students or play a sound recording in class or at a school or TAFE event. What do
- [TAFE Music Licence](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/tafe-music-licence/) - Updated 27 May 2024 All TAFEs (excluding Victoria) can now rely on the TAFE Music Licence with APRA, AMCOS, ARIA and PPCA, which are the collecting societies that represent music composers and record labels. TAFEs can perform musical works live (eg a live performance by a TAFE band) and use sound recordings in different ways
- [Who owns copyright?](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/who-owns-copyright/) - Updated 14 September 2023 Works - the general rule of copyright ownership The owner of the copyright in works will generally be the author or creator (eg the writer, artist, composer, etc). There are certain important exceptions to this rule, as set out below. Other subject matter - the general rule of copyright ownership The
- [Consent](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/permissions-and-consents/consent/) - Updated 1 February 2022 When is consent required? Schools/TAFEs who wish to use a student’s work for non-educational purposes will need to seek consent from the student. Often schools will obtain this consent from students at the time of enrolment. Note, if the student is under 15 years old, you will need permission from the
- [How long does copyright last?](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/how-long-does-copyright-last/) - Updated 14 February 2023 Copyright protection applies for a finite period of time. This period varies, depending on the type of subject matter and when it was created. On 1 January 2019 the duration of copyright protection in Australia was standardised. This means that, in general, all literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works now have
- [Schools Music Licence](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/schools-music-licence/) - Updated 7 April 2022 Schools have entered into a Schools Music Licence, which allows schools to copy and share musical works and sound recordings in certain circumstances. All government and most Catholic and independent schools, are covered by the Schools Music Licence. You can check whether you are covered by the music agreements by contacting
- [Statutory and voluntary licences](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/statutory-and-voluntary-licences/) - Updated 16 March 2022 The Copyright Act sets out two licences that govern the copying and communication of copyright works by schools and TAFE, the Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence and the Statutory Broadcast Licence. Educational institutions can also enter voluntary licences with the various collecting societies, who collect royalties on behalf of their
- [Education Licences](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/) - Licences for Schools and TAFE Statutory Broadcast Licence Statutory Text and Artistic Works Licence Licences for Schools only Schools Music Licence Licences for TAFEs only TAFE Music Licence Section 113P Notice
- [Performers’ Rights](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/performers-rights/) - Performers’ consent Updated 23 February 2022 Performers have limited rights to: authorise the recording of their live performance and prevent certain uses of recordings of their live performance. Generally a performer’s consent is required before a recording of a performance is made, however schools and TAFEs won’t need performers’ consent where the performance is being done for the purposes of educational instruction. Performers’ copyright in sound
- [Internet and Websites](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/internet-and-websites/) - Updated 22 February 2022 Teachers regularly use internet materials for educational or other purposes. ‘Internet materials’ include a wide range of content, such as web pages, images, fact sheets, podcasts, online resources such as blogs, teaching guides, lesson plans, apps and video clips on sites such as YouTube or Vimeo. The materials may include text,
- [Artistic Works and Images](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/artistic-works-and-images/) - Updated 12 January 2022 Teachers regularly copy artistic works and images for educational or other purposes. The artistic works and images might be in a hardcopy or digital format. Artistic works and images include digital images (including from sources like Pinterest, Getty Images, Google or Instagram), paintings, photos, drawings, cartoons, book covers and other pictures
- [Text Works](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/text-material/) - Updated 12 January 2022 Teachers regularly copy text works for educational or other purposes. Text works include literary, dramatic and musical works. Examples include textbooks, picture books, novels, poems, plays, screenplays, song lyrics, PDF documents and content on websites, such as teacher resources, student worksheets and activities or online newspapers. Generally, when teachers copy text
- [Permissions](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/permissions-and-consents/permissions/) - Updated 7 December 2021 Schools, TAFE institutes, education departments and administrative bodies only need to seek permission from the copyright owner when: they are not able to rely on a statutory or voluntary licence or educational use exception to use material in the way they intend the material is not licensed under Creative Commons. Examples
- [Library Copying](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/library-exam-and-disability-copying/library-copying/) - There are a number of copyright exceptions that apply to copying undertaken by TAFE and school libraries. This guide explains when each of these exceptions applies. Making copies of content held by a TAFE or school library for the purpose of preserving the content: the preservation copying exception Library staff can copy content in order
- [Permissions and Consents](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/permissions-and-consents/) - In some circumstances, schools/TAFEs may need to seek permission from a third party copyright owner to use their copyright material. See Permissions for information about when permission is required and sample permission requests. Permissions If a school/TAFE is using material created by students and/or using photos or videos of students, it may need to seek
- [Library Fair Dealing and Copying Notice](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/library-exam-and-disability-copying/library-fair-dealing-and-copying-notice/) - School and TAFE libraries must ensure that they display copyright warning notices near machines that can be used to copy text and artistic works (eg photocopy machines, printers and scanners) and/or machines that can be used to copy audio-visual content. The form of these notices - which are contained in the Copyright Regulations - are set out
- [Section 113P Notice](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/education-licences/section-113p-notice/) - Text, Artistic Works and Broadcast Notice [WARNING] This material has been copied [and communicated to you] in accordance with the statutory licence in section 113P of the Copyright Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice Intranet/LMS
- [Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/indigenous-cultural-and-intellectual-property-rights/) - ICIPR is a reference to Indigenous Peoples' rights to their heritage and culture. Indigenous People’s heritage is a living heritage and is passed down from generation to generation. Usually particular objects, sites and knowledge pertain to a particular Indigenous group or territory. Heritage includes all aspects of cultural practices, traditional knowledge, resources and knowledge systems
- [Moral rights](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/moral-rights/) - What are moral rights? Moral Rights are personal rights granted to authors of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works and films. Moral rights are: the right of attribution of authorship. The author has the right to be identified as the author of the work or film when it is presented to the public. The attribution
- [Liability of schools, TAFE institutes and individuals for copyright infringement](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/liability-of-schools-tafe-institutes-and-individuals-for-copyright-infringement/) - Who is liable? These people may be liable for copyright infringement where they do not have the copyright owner's permission or the benefit of an exception or statutory licence under the Copyright Act 1968 (Act): the student/teacher doing the actual copying or communication or public performance of the copyright work. the school/TAFE who is said to
- [Copyright exceptions](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/copyright-exceptions/) - The Copyright Act provides a series of exceptions which allow schools and TAFE institutes to use copyright material without permission: Fair dealing Teachers and students can copy and communicate limited amounts of works under “fair dealing”. No permission is required or payment made to the copyright owner if the use is fair and for the
- [What is protected by copyright?](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/what-is-protected-by-copyright/) - The Copyright Act divides the materials protected into two categories: works and other subject matter. The rules applying to the two categories are different - for example, the length and scope of copyright protection differs for the two different categories. Examples of the two categories include: a. Works Artistic Works Literary Works Musical Works Dramatic
- [Technological Protection Measures (TPMs)](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/technological-protection-measures-tpms/) - TPMs are technological protection measures placed on copyright material to prevent unauthorised copying. Examples include software locks or password protection measures. There are two types of technologies protected by the Copyright Act: Access Control TPMs – technologies that copyright owners use to control access to copyright material (such as a password control or technology that
- [How is copyright infringed?](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/how-is-copyright-infringed/) - Copyright will be infringed where you use material (ie you exercise one of the exclusive rights of the copyright owner) in way that is not permitted by a statutory or voluntary licence, one of the copyright exceptions or without the permission of the owner. Most teaching activities will be covered by a licence with a
- [Dealing with copyright](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/dealing-with-copyright/) - a. Assignments Assignment clauses are common in independent contractor agreements, especially where the contractor is creating copyright material to be used by the commissioner. Copyright ownership can be assigned to another or left to beneficiaries in a will. b. Licences/permissions Copyright can also be licensed. A licence is a form of permission. This
- [What are the rights of a copyright owner?](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/what-are-the-rights-of-a-copyright-owner/) - Under the Copyright Act, the owner has certain exclusive rights to control the use of their copyright material. The rights differ according to the type of work protected. Note that for schools and TAFE many of these activities are covered by a statutory or voluntary licence or a copyright exception. a. Literary, dramatic and
- [Requirements for copyright protection](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/requirements-for-copyright-protection/) - The following three requirements must all be met in order for copyright to subsist in a work: The work must be reduced to material form. An idea itself will not receive copyright protection. The idea must be reduced to material form (whether it is written, recorded (including in musical or dance notation), filmed, painted, etc)
- [What is copyright?](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/what-is-copyright/) - A simple definition of copyright is that it is a bunch of rights in certain creative material such as text, artistic works, music, computer programs, sound recordings and films. The copyright owner has the right to control how their material is used. Copyright owners can prevent others from copying or communicating their material without their
- [Copyright Basics](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/) - What is copyright? What is protected by copyright? Requirements for copyright protection Who owns copyright? How long does copyright last? What are the rights of a copyright owner? Dealing with copyright Statutory and voluntary licences Copyright exceptions How is copyright infringed? Liability of schools, TAFE institutes and individuals for copyright infringement Technological Protection Measures (TPMs)
- [Library, Exam and Disability Copying](https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/library-exam-and-disability-copying/) - Library Copying Library Fair Dealing and Copying Notice Copying for Exams Disability Access Exceptions